Zener Diode Characteristics Apparatus – Description (within 100 words): The Zener diode characteristics apparatus is used to study the V-I (voltage-current) characteristics of a Zener diode in both forward and reverse bias. It typically includes a Zener diode mounted on a panel, a variable DC power supply, ammeters and voltmeters, and resistors for current limiting. In forward bias, the diode behaves like a normal diode, while in reverse bias, it shows a sharp breakdown at a specific voltage known as the Zener breakdown voltage. This apparatus helps students understand the diode's regulatio