A tray dryer is a batch-type industrial dryer with stacked trays inside a heated chamber, using controlled hot air circulation to remove moisture from materials like powders, granules, and pastes, common in pharmaceuticals, food, and chemical industries for its uniform drying and versatility, though it can be labor-intensive for loading. Hot air absorbs moisture, which is then expelled, achieving desired dryness through controlled temperature, humidity, and air flow, often recirculating air for efficiency

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