Hospital beds are built with heavy-duty structural frames capable of handling continuous loading and rigorous clinical sanitization. They are structurally divided into standard types based on their adjustment mechanics:

1. Manual Fowler Beds: Operated via 1, 2, or 4 mechanical hand-cranks located at the foot end, allowing caregivers to manually lift the backrest or knee rest. 
2. Semi-Electric Beds: Feature motorized controls for the head and foot elevations, but rely on a manual crank for modifying the overall bed height.
3. Fully Electric / ICU Beds: Controlled completely via a patient handheld remote, nurse control panel, or embedded side-rail buttons. They allow swift adjustments to height, cardiac chair positioning, and rapid emergency CPR flat leveling.