A Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser assembly is used to produce a stable, coherent, and monochromatic laser beam, typically with a wavelength of 632.8 nm (red light). The setup includes a He-Ne gas-filled discharge tube, power supply, and beam alignment optics. When electrical energy excites helium atoms, energy is transferred to neon atoms, which then emit laser light through stimulated emission. The laser is widely used in optics experiments to study interference, diffraction, polarization, and coherence. It provides a reliable and low-power light source with high beam quality, making it ideal for educational, metrological, and holographic applications in physics laboratories.